S&P 59

  • The S&P 500’s total concentration, which we can measure using a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (or HHI), is equivalent today to that of an equal-weighted, 59-stock portfolio. Ten years ago, the index was more than twice as diversified. We have never seen – over any 10-year period – a decline (or increase) in diversification of the magnitude we have just witnessed.
  • Source: GMO.

AI = Insane Energy Demand

  • “Boston Consulting Group believes that AI and regular data center demand will grow to 7% of total electricity demand by 2030. To put this in context, this is the equivalent of the electricity used for lighting in every home business and factory across the United States. It’s a huge amount of energy. Most traditional data centers that were built 10 years ago were 10 megawatts or less. Today, it’s not uncommon to see 100-megawatt data centers. And with our clients, we’re talking about data centers that approach 1,000 megawatts. And they require 24/7 power. This is something that doesn’t get talked about enough in my opinion.”
  • That is from Constellation Energy’s CEO Joseph Dominguez (Source: The Transcript) – who of course is talking his own book but still.
  • Others confirm this, like the IEA – which thinks AI energy demand will double by 2026 – “that’s equivalent to adding a new heavily industrialized country like Germany to the planet”.
  • There are other huge environmental impacts – e.g. water.

Dominating Google

  • These 16 companies dominate Google search results. Odds are you haven’t heard of any of them.
  • Across 10,000 terms where affiliates are ranking, which cover products in every niche you can think of (home, beauty, tech, automotive, cooking, travel, sports, education and many more), these 16 companies ranked on the first page of 8,574 (or 85%) of them.
  • Detailed write-up here.

Altman’s $7 Trillion

  • Back-of-the-envelope analysis of why Altman wants this sum to build semiconductor capacity and why it isn’t such a crazy number.
  • It’s a useful reminder of what it will take for AI to scale in the coming years.
  • The article also links some more serious analysis of the trend in the cost of training AI (like this).

Semiconductor Manufacturing

  • Interesting analysis on staying competitive in semiconductor manufacturing.
  • The dotted black lines toward the bottom show the estimated cost of building a leading edge fab (the lower line) and a line showing double that number (the upper line). Our thesis is that companies whose annual revenue fall between those two lines are at risk of falling off the Moore’s Law treadmill.
  • TSMC came close once. Samsung looks close now (though this doesn’t include the rest of the group subsidising the fab). It also shows that Intel’s plans to offer fab services need to succeed.
  • Source.

Bond Change of Control Covenants – The New Poison Pill?

  • Many bonds have a covenant in case of a change of control allowing holders to put the bond back at par.
  • That didn’t matter when bonds were trading above par, but many don’t today – creating a potential headwind for M&A.
  • Here are some issuers where this is a big problem.
  • Lots more interesting analysis here.
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